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Related Concept Videos

Traits and States01:17

Traits and States

Personality traits represent consistent patterns in behavior, thoughts, and emotions, reflecting an individual's tendencies across various situations. For example, extraversion, a well-known trait, manifests in individuals as talkative, energetic, and enthusiastic behaviors. These traits are stable over time, offering a reliable framework for predicting how people might act in different contexts. However, they do not define every moment of an individual's life. In contrast to traits, states are...
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant01:26

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...
Trait Theory by Gordon Allport01:20

Trait Theory by Gordon Allport

Gordon Allport, often regarded as the father of American personality psychology, developed a theory that emphasized the importance of understanding people in their present lives rather than focusing on their past, as psychoanalysis did. Allport believed that personality should be studied in healthy, well-adjusted individuals rather than those with psychological problems. He was particularly interested in defining traits, which he saw as fundamental mental structures that guide behavior across...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

State and trait in personality disorders.

James Reich1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford Univerity, CA, USA. jhreich@ix.netcom.com

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

State personality disorder (State PD) is a newly identified psychiatric condition characterized by episodic personality dysfunction, distinct from stable Trait PD. This research validates State PD as a distinct diagnostic entity.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Current personality disorder definitions emphasize early onset and stable severity.
  • Variability in personality pathology challenges existing diagnostic models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of a new diagnostic category: State personality disorder (State PD).
  • To differentiate State PD from Trait personality disorder (Trait PD) and No personality disorder (No PD).
  • To establish criteria for validating State PD.

Main Methods:

  • Examined episodic personality dysfunction as a potential psychiatric disorder.
  • Compared State PD with Trait PD and No PD using family history and clinical variables.
  • Assessed the relationship of State PD to an independent measure of personality construct.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Main Results:

  • State personality disorder identified in two distinct populations, separable from Trait PD and No PD.
  • Family history clusters and clinical variables distinguished State PD from neighboring diagnoses.
  • State PD showed a negative association with suicidal ideation and may influence comorbid Axis I disorder treatment.

Conclusions:

  • State personality disorder (State PD) is concluded to be a valid diagnostic entity.
  • The findings support State PD as a distinct clinical phenomenon requiring further investigation.