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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Microbial Wastewater Treatment01:30

Microbial Wastewater Treatment

Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems play a key role in the natural breakdown of contaminants introduced through domestic and industrial effluents. Acting as biological catalysts, these microbes change and mineralize a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants under different redox conditions.In oxygen-rich surface waters, aerobic heterotrophs lead organic matter breakdown, using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to efficiently oxidize substrates to carbon dioxide and water.
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...

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Evaluating Virulence and Pathogenesis of Aeromonas Infection in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model
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Published on: December 20, 2018

Issues for microbial regulation: Aeromonas as a model.

Stephen C Edberg1, Frederick A Browne, Martin J Allen

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8035, USA. Stephen.edberg@yale.edu

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Public health agencies need clear criteria to regulate drinking water microorganisms. These criteria ensure a microorganism poses a health risk before regulation, protecting public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Water quality management

Background:

  • Public health agencies face challenges in regulating microorganisms in drinking water.
  • Establishing clear criteria for health risk assessment is crucial for effective water safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential criteria for determining if a microorganism in drinking water poses a health risk.
  • To guide public health agencies in making informed regulatory decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and public health guidelines.
  • Development of a multi-faceted criterion framework for risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Seven key criteria were identified for evaluating health risks associated with drinking water microorganisms.
  • Criteria encompass clinical, epidemiological, virulence, treatment resistance, viability, analytical method robustness, and method certification.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized set of criteria is necessary for consistent and evidence-based regulation of drinking water contaminants.
  • Implementing these criteria will enhance the safety and reliability of public drinking water supplies.