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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
What is Matter?01:13

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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of gravity. Where gravity...
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Anatomy of the Heart

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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Custom Engineered Tissue Culture Molds from Laser-etched Masters
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Published on: May 21, 2018

Something the Lord Made.

Luis H Toledo-Pereyra1

  • 1Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Borgess Research Institute, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo, MI 49048, USA.

Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pioneering surgical technician Vivien Thomas developed a groundbreaking vascular suturing technique. This innovation enabled the first successful Blalock-Thomas shunt surgery for Blue Baby heart disease (Tetralogy of Fallot).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical History
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Vivien Thomas, a laboratory technician, developed exceptional vascular suturing skills under surgeon Alfred Blalock.
  • Thomas's expertise was crucial in addressing congenital heart defects, specifically Tetralogy of Fallot (Blue Baby syndrome).

Discussion:

  • The collaboration between Blalock and Thomas highlights the importance of diverse contributions in medical breakthroughs.
  • Thomas's technical proficiency and Blalock's surgical leadership were essential for the success of the procedure.

Key Insights:

  • The Blalock-Thomas shunt, a pulmonary artery to subclavian artery anastomosis, revolutionized the treatment of Blue Baby heart disease.
  • This surgical intervention significantly improved the quality of life and survival rates for affected infants.

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Outlook:

  • The success of the Blalock-Thomas shunt paved the way for further advancements in pediatric cardiac surgery.
  • This historical achievement underscores the impact of dedicated research and interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine.