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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Estimating volatile organic compound concentrations in selected microenvironments using time-activity and personal

Ken Sexton1, Steven J Mongin, John L Adgate

  • 1Brownsville Regional Campus, University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA. Ken.Sexton@utb.edu

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Indoor residential environments significantly contribute to personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Other indoor locations like stores and malls also elevate VOC exposure, while outdoor and transit exposures are minimal.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Exposure Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are prevalent indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
  • Understanding personal exposure to VOCs across different microenvironments is crucial for public health.
  • Previous studies have often relied on limited personal monitoring or lacked detailed microenvironment characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate personal exposure concentrations and variability for 14 VOCs across five microenvironments using a novel Bayesian modeling approach.
  • To identify the primary microenvironmental contributors to cumulative personal VOC exposure.
  • To investigate factors influencing personal VOC exposure, such as proximity to garages and home ventilation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hierarchical Bayesian modeling to estimate VOC concentrations and variability in five microenvironments: home indoors, work/school indoors, other indoors, outdoors, and transit.
  • Integrated personal exposure data with time-activity patterns and measured outdoor/indoor VOC concentrations.
  • Employed mixed-effects models to assess the impact of specific factors (e.g., garage proximity, window/door status) on exposure.

Main Results:

  • Estimated VOC concentrations were highest in 'other' indoor microenvironments (e.g., malls, restaurants), intermediate in residential and work/school indoor settings, and lowest outdoors and in transit.
  • The indoor residential environment was the largest predicted contributor to cumulative 2-day personal VOC exposure for all 14 compounds.
  • Proximity to garages increased exposure to specific aromatic VOCs, while open windows/doors for extended periods decreased exposure to most VOCs.

Conclusions:

  • Indoor microenvironments, particularly residential settings, are dominant sources of personal VOC exposure.
  • Exposure in 'other' indoor locations and work/school environments also significantly contributes to the overall VOC burden.
  • Personal behaviors like ventilation and proximity to emission sources like garages play a role in modulating VOC exposure levels.