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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Urothelial adenocarcinoma in a non-functioning bladder.

Muhammad Hassan Khan1, Mahanta Devan Dooldeniya, Nick A Shaikh

  • 1Department of Urology, Airedale General Hospital, Keighley, UK. drtahirkheli@hotmail.com

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Urinary diversion for incontinence can lead to bladder cancer, even in non-functioning bladders. This case highlights the risk of silent tumors developing years after the procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Urinary diversion is a standard procedure for managing refractory long-term incontinence, particularly in young patients with neurogenic bladders.
  • In these cases, the bladder is disconnected and remains in situ, often becoming non-functioning.

Observation:

  • A rare case of adenocarcinoma of the bladder was diagnosed 31 years after a urinary diversion procedure.
  • The patient had a neurogenic bladder and underwent bladder disconnection and in situ preservation.

Findings:

  • This case raises concerns about the potential for developing silent bladder tumors in non-functioning bladders following urinary diversion.
  • The long latency period suggests a need for long-term surveillance.

Implications:

  • Patients undergoing urinary diversion may be at risk for delayed bladder cancer development.
  • Further research is warranted to assess the incidence and optimal screening strategies for bladder neoplasms in these patients.