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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

10:40
Uniportal Full Endoscopic Posterolateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Published on: June 6, 2025
[Internal limiting membrane removal. Mechanical and fluid membranectomy].
Jacek Robaszkiewicz1, Ewa Wójcik
1Kliniki Okulistycznej, Wojskowego Instytutu Medycznego, Warszawie.
Klinika Oczna
|April 26, 2007
Summary
This study presents surgical methods for removing the internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane. These macular surgeries have become more common, with expanded indications and improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Retinal Surgery
- Vitreoretinal Procedures
Context:
- Macular surgery has increased in recent decades.
- Vitreoretinal surgeries now include a greater percentage of macular procedures.
- Surgical techniques for retinal membrane removal have evolved.
Purpose:
- To present surgical methods for internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal.
- To discuss the complex removal of ILM with epiretinal membranes (ERMs).
- To highlight the evolution and expanded indications for these procedures.
Summary:
- Initially, ILM and ERM removal was reserved for complex cases, limiting expected outcomes.
- The frequency of epiretinal membrane removal has risen significantly over the past 20 years.
- Macular surgery now represents a larger proportion of overall vitreoretinal surgical procedures.
Impact:
- Enhanced indications for surgical intervention in retinal membrane conditions.
- Advancements in surgical techniques for improved patient outcomes.
- Increased prevalence and accessibility of specialized retinal surgeries.

