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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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Hypnosis and surgery: past, present, and future.

Albrecht H K Wobst1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0254, USA. awobst@anest.ufl.edu

Anesthesia and Analgesia
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Hypnosis, a technique using suggestion, is being explored to enhance conscious sedation and manage pain perception. Research shows its potential to complement anesthesia, offering favorable outcomes in surgical cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Hypnosis

Background:

  • Hypnosis, a state induced by suggestion, has historical roots in altering perception and memory.
  • Its potential remains under-explored compared to pharmacological advancements in anesthesiology.
  • Recent interest highlights hypnosis as a complement to conscious sedation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, scientific basis, and clinical applications of hypnosis.
  • To explore the role of hypnosis in pain perception and memory alteration.
  • To discuss modern considerations for using hypnosis as a therapeutic tool.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical accounts of hypnosis and animal magnetism.
  • Examination of basic research on pain pathways (nociceptive flexion reflex).
  • Analysis of clinical studies on hypnosis in surgical and pain management contexts.
  • Inclusion of positron emission tomography (PET) findings on hypnotic correlates.

Main Results:

  • Hypnosis, combined with analgesia, is claimed to be superior to conventional anesthesia for minor surgeries.
  • Patients and surgeons report favorable responses to hypnosis-assisted procedures.
  • Objective data from basic research provide insights into the physiological effects of hypnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Hypnosis is a potent therapeutic tool with a long history.
  • Its ability to complement conscious sedation and enhance analgesia is gaining clinical recognition.
  • Further research into the physiological correlates of hypnosis is yielding objective data.