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Parasites and sexual selection: a macroevolutionary perspective.

D A McLennan1, D R Brooks

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Quarterly Review of Biology
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis links parasite load to the evolution of mating traits. New predictions clarify how host-parasite associations support this link at both micro and macroevolutionary levels.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Parasitology
  • Ethology

Background:

  • The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis proposes that parasites drive the evolution of exaggerated sexual traits (epigamic traits) through female mate choice.
  • Previous research has been hindered by oversimplified assumptions, unclear hypotheses, and interdisciplinary communication gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis and its empirical support.
  • To refine microevolutionary and macroevolutionary predictions for testing the hypothesis.
  • To propose a novel macroevolutionary prediction based on the co-evolutionary history of hosts and parasites.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis.
  • Analysis of criteria for microevolutionary support (female preference, infection intensity, disease causation, heritable resistance).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Development of a new macroevolutionary framework considering the timing of host-parasite association origins relative to epigamic trait evolution.

    • Main Results:

    • Microevolutionary support requires demonstrating female preference for less-parasitized males, infection intensity reflecting heritable resistance, and parasites causing disease.
    • The original macroevolutionary prediction is ambiguous and contradicts microevolutionary dynamics.
    • A revised macroevolutionary prediction emphasizes the congruence between the origin of epigamic traits and host-parasite associations.

    Conclusions:

    • The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis requires rigorous testing of specific microevolutionary criteria.
    • A refined macroevolutionary perspective, considering the evolutionary history of host-parasite relationships, offers stronger support.
    • Future research should integrate parasite biology, host resistance, and the timing of co-evolutionary events.