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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Investigation of Conditions that Affect Neck Compression- Flexion Injuries Using Numerical Techniques.

P H Halldin1, K Brolin, S Kleiven

  • 1Department of Aeronautics, Royal Institute of Technology.

Stapp Car Crash Journal
|April 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a Finite Element (FE) model to analyze head and neck injuries from axial impacts. The validated FE model predicts injury thresholds and mechanisms, like Hangman's fracture, and suggests combined flexion/compression may reduce injury severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Mechanics
  • Injury Biomechanics

Background:

  • Head and neck complex injuries result from various impact types.
  • Understanding injury mechanisms and thresholds is crucial for safety.
  • Existing experimental data requires robust computational models for detailed analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the head and neck complex.
  • To investigate injury mechanisms and thresholds under axial impacts in the sagittal plane.
  • To predict specific fractures like Hangman's fracture and analyze protective effects of head translation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Finite Element (FE) model for the isolated head and neck complex.
  • Validation of the FE model against experimental data on local and global levels.

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Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
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Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

  • Simulation of axial impacts and analysis of stress, forces, and injury modes.

    • Main Results:

    • The FE model demonstrated significant correlation with experimental investigations.
    • Hangman's fracture was predicted at approximately 3.5 kN axial load and 191 MPa in C2 compact bone.
    • Anterior head translation was shown to reduce cervical spine stress and forces.
    • Combined compression/flexion was suggested to cause less severe injuries than pure compression or compression extension.

    Conclusions:

    • The validated FE model is a valuable tool for predicting head and neck injuries and dynamic buckling modes.
    • The model provides insights into the biomechanics of Hangman's fracture and the effects of impactor design.
    • Further research using this FE model can inform the development of improved safety measures and injury prevention strategies.