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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

First clinical experience with anecortave acetate (Retaane).

S Hayek1, M Scherrer, D Barthelmes

  • 1Augenklinik, UniversitätsSpital, Zürich, Switzerland.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|April 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Anecortave acetate injections for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) showed a favorable safety profile. While visual acuity varied, many patients maintained stable vision, suggesting potential as a less invasive treatment option.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anecortave acetate is an angiostatic corticosteroid used for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  • It is administered via posterior juxtascleral depot injection.
  • Currently not approved in Switzerland, it's available under compassionate use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of anecortave acetate in treating exudative AMD.
  • To assess changes in visual acuity and adverse events following treatment.

Main Methods:

  • An uncontrolled case series involving 22 eyes of 19 patients.
  • Standardized documentation of ETDRS visual acuity, near acuity, magnification needs, and fluorescein angiography.
  • Treatment involved a posterior juxtascleral depot injection of 15 mg anecortave acetate.

Main Results:

  • The mean change in visual acuity after 3 months was -2.6 ETDRS letters.
  • 15/20 eyes showed stable vision or gained vision.
  • 5/20 eyes experienced moderate vision loss, and 1/20 experienced significant vision loss.
  • No moderate or severe adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Posterior juxtascleral depot injection of 15 mg anecortave acetate is safe and well-tolerated.
  • It may serve as an alternative therapeutic option for eyes with occult CNV or residual neovascular activity post-photodynamic therapy.
  • Its less invasive nature and lower risk profile make it a viable consideration before anti-VEGF agents.