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Related Experiment Videos

Order-specific quantitative patterns of cortical gyrification.

Praneshri Pillay1, Paul R Manger

  • 1School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|April 27, 2007
PubMed
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Mammalian brain gyrification, a measure of cortical folding, varies significantly by taxonomic order. This study reveals distinct allometric patterns for gyrification indices (GIs) across different mammalian orders.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Cortical gyrification, the folding of the cerebral cortex, varies widely across mammalian species.
  • Understanding the factors driving these variations, particularly in relation to brain size and evolutionary relationships, remains a key question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether mammalian taxonomic order is a significant phylogenetic factor influencing quantifiable gyrification indices (GIs).
  • To determine if specific orders exhibit unique allometric patterns of gyrification relative to brain weight.

Main Methods:

  • Determined gyrification indices (GIs) from serial brain sections of 25 mammalian species across four orders: primates, carnivores, ungulates, and rodents.
  • Utilized Image J software to measure cerebral cortex contours and calculated GIs using three distinct analytical methods.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlated measured GIs with brain weights for each species within their respective orders.

    • Main Results:

    • A positive correlation between increasing GI and increasing brain weight was observed across all mammalian orders studied.
    • Each mammalian order demonstrated a unique and statistically significant allometric pattern of gyrification, differing from other orders.
    • Ungulates exhibited the highest degree of gyrencephaly, significantly exceeding other mammals even when brain weights were comparable.

    Conclusions:

    • Mammalian taxonomic order is a significant phylogenetic grouping influencing gyrification indices.
    • Distinct allometric patterns of gyrification exist between different mammalian orders.
    • The findings allow for reliable prediction of a species' GI based on its order and brain weight.