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02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
02:03Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
01:46The Apoplast and Symplast
Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
02:02Phloem and Sugar Transport
Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
02:34Water and Mineral Acquisition
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
01:18Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane
Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
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Updated: Jul 15, 2026
07:14
A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment
Published on: August 27, 2010
Na+ transport in plants.
Maris P Apse1, Eduardo Blumwald
1Arcadia Biosciences, 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, CA 95616, USA. maris.apse@arcadiabio.com
FEBS Letters
|April 27, 2007
Summary
Plants manage high salt by controlling sodium (Na+) transport, vacuole storage, and xylem loading. This review covers recent advances in understanding plant sodium ion (Na+) transport mechanisms for salt tolerance.
Area of Science:
- Plant Physiology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- High NaCl concentrations induce osmotic stress and ion toxicity in plants.
- Plant salt tolerance relies on intricate mechanisms for managing sodium ions (Na+).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding Na+ transport in plants.
- To discuss the physiological and molecular basis of plant salt tolerance.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes findings from various studies on Na+ transport.
- Focuses on ion fluxes, compartmentalization, and long-distance transport.
Main Results:
- Root influx/efflux regulates Na+ entry.
- Vacuolar sequestration and xylem loading are key for cytosolic Na+ homeostasis.
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Conclusions:
- Understanding Na+ transport is crucial for developing salt-tolerant crops.
- Recent progress highlights the complexity of Na+ homeostasis in plants.