Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Hourglass Sign on Optical Coherence Tomography in Soccer-Related Blunt Ocular Trauma.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

Economic Impact of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Prior Authorization Process From a Large Electronic Database.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2025

Same author

Approach to Ophthalmic Surgery Involving the Anterior Vitreous: A Clinical Practice Update from the American Society of Retina Specialists.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2025

Same author

Surgical Outcomes of Primary Noncomplex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in 20- to 45-Year-Old Young Adults.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2025

Same author

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes for Adolescent and Young-Adult Uveal Melanoma Patients Treated with Dedicated Particle-Beam Radiation.

Cancers·2025

Same author

Features of Valsalva-Induced Choroidal Hemorrhage in High Myopia.

Ophthalmology. Retina·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Published on: March 7, 2025

Anticoagulation with warfarin in vitreoretinal surgery.

Arthur D Fu¹, H Richard McDonald, David F Williams

¹Pacific Vision Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. adfu@westcoastretina.com

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|April 27, 2007

Summary

Patients on warfarin anticoagulation can safely undergo vitreoretinal surgery. Discontinuation of warfarin may not be necessary, with successful visual and anatomical outcomes achieved in most cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Cardiology
Vascular Surgery

Background:

Systemic anticoagulation with warfarin is often necessary for patients with various cardiovascular and thromboembolic conditions.
Managing anticoagulation in patients undergoing surgery, particularly elective procedures, requires careful consideration of bleeding risks versus thrombotic events.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the clinical course and outcomes of patients undergoing vitreoretinal procedures while maintained on systemic warfarin therapy.
To determine if cessation of warfarin is necessary prior to vitreoretinal surgery.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 25 patients who received systemic anticoagulation with warfarin and underwent vitreoretinal surgery.
Analysis of patient demographics, ocular findings, surgical procedures, and clinical outcomes, including visual acuity and complications.

Main Results:

The study included patients aged 49-81 years (median 69) on warfarin for indications including atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis.
International Normalized Ratio (INR) values ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 (median 2.0).
One patient experienced an intraoperative subretinal hemorrhage; all other patients had no intraoperative complications. Final vision ranged from 20/20 to 20/400 (median 20/100).

Conclusions:

Vitreoretinal surgery can be performed successfully in patients maintained on warfarin anticoagulation.
Cessation of warfarin therapy may not be required, potentially avoiding risks associated with anticoagulation withdrawal.
Close collaboration between ophthalmologists and internists is crucial for managing anticoagulation and understanding systemic risks.