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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock

Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
06:27

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

[Hypotension in the very preterm infant].

V Rigo1, P Beauduin, J Rigo

  • 1Service Universitaire de Néonatologie, Université de Liège, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|April 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Circulatory maladaptation affects one in four very preterm infants, increasing risks for complications. Blood pressure assessment must consider norms, but therapies lack data on mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Pediatric cardiology

Context:

  • Circulatory maladaptation is common in very preterm infants (1 in 4).
  • This condition elevates risks for immediate complications and long-term issues.
  • Blood pressure monitoring requires age and weight-adjusted standards.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the significance of circulatory maladaptation in very preterm neonates.
  • To emphasize the need for appropriate blood pressure assessment standards.
  • To review current understanding of therapies for low systemic blood flow.

Summary:

  • Blood pressure is a key indicator but not the sole measure of circulatory adaptation.
  • Therapies targeting low systemic blood flow are understood regarding organ and cerebral effects.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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Published on: December 31, 2015

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis
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  • Existing therapies have not been evaluated for their impact on mortality or neurodevelopmental outcomes.

    • Impact:

    • Informs clinical practice regarding neonatal circulatory assessment.
    • Identifies gaps in knowledge regarding therapeutic outcomes.
    • Guides future research priorities for preterm infant care and long-term health.