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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sedation with midazolam for electrical cardioversion.

Pasquale Notarstefano1, Claudio Pratola, Tiziano Toselli

  • 1University of Ferrara, Cardiovascular Institute, Ferrara, Italy. notarstefano2001@yahoo.it

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|April 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sedation with Midazolam for electrical cardioversion (ECV) is effective and well-tolerated, reducing procedural time. This approach avoids the need for anesthesiology assistance, improving efficiency in cardiac procedures.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Electrical cardioversion (ECV) typically requires anesthesiology support.
  • Previous research explored benzodiazepine sedation by cardiologists to reduce this dependence.
  • This study details experience using intravenous Midazolam for ECV sedation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous Midazolam for sedation during ECV.
  • To assess the feasibility of cardiologists administering Midazolam without anesthesiology supervision.
  • To compare different Midazolam administration protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 280 ECVs in 202 patients sedated with intravenous Midazolam.
  • Employed two protocols: a fixed bolus followed by incremental doses, and a weight-based loading dose.
  • Administered Midazolam in small, repeated doses during procedures like electrophysiology studies and defibrillator implants.

Main Results:

  • Achieved adequate sedation in 99% of cases with complete amnesia of the procedure.
  • A loading dose of Midazolam shortened procedural duration without serious adverse events.
  • No patient required intubation or anesthesiology assistance.

Conclusions:

  • Intravenous Midazolam provides effective and well-tolerated sedation for ECV.
  • A Midazolam loading dose is safe and further decreases procedural time.
  • This method offers a viable alternative to traditional anesthesiology-dependent cardioversion.