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Published on: February 9, 2021
Pathophysiology of hypercalciuria in children
1Section of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Disorder Clinic, The Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|April 28, 2007
Summary
Excessive urinary calcium (hypercalciuria) involves the gut, bone, and kidneys, influenced by genetics and diet. This review covers renal calcium handling and dietary impacts, offering strategies to manage high urinary calcium levels.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Urinary calcium excretion is regulated by the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and kidneys.
- Hypercalciuria, or excessive urinary calcium, is a complex polygenic trait influenced by diet and hormonal regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review renal calcium handling in normal physiology and hereditary disorders.
- To examine the pathophysiology of hypercalciuria.
- To discuss dietary influences on urinary calcium excretion and bone homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of calcium handling by the renal tubule.
- Analysis of the effects of dietary components (sodium, potassium, protein, calcium, phosphate) on calcium excretion.
- Discussion of the association between hypercalciuria and bone homeostasis.
Main Results:
- Renal tubule plays a crucial role in regulating urinary calcium.
- Dietary factors significantly impact calcium excretion.
- Hypercalciuria is linked to bone homeostasis, suggesting systemic effects.
Conclusions:
- Understanding renal calcium handling is key to managing hypercalciuria.
- Dietary modifications can help control excessive urinary calcium.
- Recommendations are provided for addressing hypercalciuria and maintaining bone health.
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