Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adoption of water management programs and risk assessment practices in hospitals-United States, 2017-2022.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Electronic Clinical Quality Measures of Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized Adults with Uncomplicated Community-acquired Pneumonia.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

A Multinational Trial of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Is FASTer Better?

JAMA·2026
Same author

Projected impact of a pathogen reduction intervention on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections and deaths in the United States.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A systematic review and treatment algorithm for consultation-liaison psychiatrists.

General hospital psychiatry·2025
Same author

The Impact of a Nationwide Blood Culture Bottle Shortage in 2024 on Healthcare Facilities in the United States.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Streptococcal meningitis following myelogram procedures.

Jennifer Hsu1, Bette Jensen, Matthew Arduino

  • 1Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|April 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Post-myelography meningitis cases were linked to streptococcal infections. Droplet transmission from clinicians performing the procedure is the likely source, highlighting the need for face masks.

More Related Videos

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection
05:55

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection

Published on: May 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection
05:55

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection

Published on: May 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Meningitis following myelography is a rare but serious complication.
  • Previous studies have explored potential causes of post-procedural infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the source and causative agents of seven cases of meningitis occurring after myelography in September 2004.
  • To identify transmission routes and recommend preventive measures.

Main Methods:

  • Case series investigation of seven patients with post-myelography meningitis.
  • Microbiological analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.
  • Epidemiological investigation to determine the source of infection.

Main Results:

  • Streptococcal species were identified in blood or CSF samples from all seven patients.
  • Droplet transmission of oral flora from the performing clinician was identified as the most probable source.
  • The infections were linked to the myelography procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Clinician-to-patient droplet transmission is a significant risk factor for post-myelography meningitis.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends face mask usage during myelography to prevent such infections.