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Changes in the structural complexity of the aged brain.

Dara L Dickstein1, Doron Kabaso, Anne B Rocher

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029, USA. dara.dickstein@mssm.edu

Aging Cell
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Brain aging involves complex structural neuron changes, including reduced dendrites and synapses, leading to cognitive decline. These neuronal alterations impact brain function and synaptic transmission with age.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neurons maintain brain function through homeostatic control.
  • Deviations in neuronal function can lead to severe consequences during aging and injury.
  • Understanding age-related structural changes in neurons is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural adaptations of neurons during normal and pathological aging.
  • To discuss the effects of these changes on electrophysiological properties and cognition.
  • To elucidate the neuronal basis of age-related cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuronal structural changes during aging.
  • Analysis of morphological changes in neurons, including dendrites and dendritic spines.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of alterations in synaptic transmission and receptor expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Aging neurons exhibit reduced dendritic arborization complexity and length.
    • Decreased spine numbers correlate with reduced excitatory synaptic transmission.
    • Increased gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor activity and action potential firing rates observed with age.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related cognitive decline is linked to multiple neuronal alterations.
    • These include dendritic loss, spine reduction, altered receptor expression, and synaptic transmission changes.
    • Myelin dystrophy may also contribute to age-associated cognitive impairment.