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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale
08:49

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Published on: May 28, 2021

A modelling approach towards epidermal homoeostasis control.

Gernot Schaller1, Michael Meyer-Hermann

  • 1Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max von Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. schaller@theory.phy.tu-dresden.de

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Agent-based models simulate skin tissue dynamics, revealing how cell interactions and diffusible substances regulate epidermal homeostasis. This approach also sheds light on melanoma persistence and early tumor growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Biophysics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Agent-based models (ABMs) are crucial for understanding cell tissue dynamics, particularly off-lattice models that incorporate physical intercellular interactions.
  • Skin tissue modeling requires methods that capture cellular individuality and discreteness for accurate simulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply an improved off-lattice agent-based model to simulate skin's steady-state flow equilibrium.
  • To investigate the role of diffusible substances in epidermal homeostasis and keratinocyte cell cycle regulation.
  • To explore the persistence mechanisms of in silico melanoma within the skin's equilibrium.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an off-lattice agent-based model with conservative, drag, and random forces to simulate cell dynamics.
  • Employed weighted Delaunay triangulation for detecting cellular adjacency.
  • Incorporated reaction-diffusion equations to model nutrient dynamics and a diffusible substance controlling keratinocyte cell cycle.
  • Simulated in silico melanoma with reduced basal adhesion to study tumor persistence.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully explains key characteristics of epidermal homeostasis formation.
  • Demonstrated that reduced basal adhesion in melanoma cells allows persistence in the skin's steady-state flow.
  • Showcased how stochastic effects can significantly alter outcomes, even with shorter melanocyte cell cycle times compared to keratinocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Off-lattice agent-based models are valuable tools for understanding complex biological systems like skin tissue.
  • The simulated control mechanisms provide insights into epidermal homoeostasis.
  • Computational simulations of initial tumor growth, particularly melanoma, can benefit from these advanced modeling techniques.