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Related Concept Videos

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.
Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins01:13

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

In Situ Detection of Ribonucleoprotein Complex Assembly in the C. elegans Germline using Proximity Ligation Assay
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Elongator complex: how many roles does it play?

Jesper Q Svejstrup1

  • 1Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK. jsvejstrup@cancer.org.uk

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Elongator complex, involved in transcription and tRNA modification, has diverse cellular roles. Mutations in its subunits are linked to the neurodevelopmental disorder familial dysautonomia.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Elongator complex is a multi-subunit protein complex.
  • It was initially identified through its association with RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation.
  • Recent studies suggest broader roles beyond transcription, including histone acetylation, exocytosis, and tRNA modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted functions of the Elongator complex.
  • To investigate the link between Elongator complex subunits and cellular processes.
  • To understand the genetic basis of familial dysautonomia related to Elongator mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to study Elongator complex interactions.
  • Genetic analysis of Elongator subunit mutations.

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Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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08:56

In Situ Detection of Ribonucleoprotein Complex Assembly in the C. elegans Germline using Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: May 5, 2020

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  • Cellular localization studies of the Elongator complex.

    • Main Results:

    • The Elongator complex participates in both transcriptional elongation and tRNA modification.
    • A significant portion of the Elongator complex resides in the cytoplasm.
    • Mutations in an Elongator subunit gene are associated with familial dysautonomia.

    Conclusions:

    • The Elongator complex plays critical roles in fundamental cellular processes, including gene expression and RNA metabolism.
    • Its diverse functions highlight its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
    • Understanding Elongator complex dysfunction is crucial for insights into neurodevelopmental disorders like familial dysautonomia.