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Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Larval RNA Interference in Silkworm Bombyx mori through Chitosan/dsRNA Nanoparticle Delivery
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Thioredoxin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori: cDNA sequence, expression, and functional characterization.

Young Joo Kim1, Kwang Sik Lee, Bo Yeon Kim

  • 1College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The silkworm thioredoxin (Trx) gene, BmTrx, is expressed in all tissues and protects against oxidative stress. Its expression increases under environmental stress, indicating a role in cellular defense mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Insect Physiology

Background:

  • Thioredoxin (Trx) is a crucial protein involved in redox homeostasis.
  • Oxidative stress poses a significant threat to organisms, impacting cellular function and survival.
  • Understanding stress responses in insects like Bombyx mori is vital for agricultural and biotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone and characterize the thioredoxin (Trx) gene from the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
  • To investigate the expression patterns and biological activity of the Bombyx mori Trx (BmTrx).
  • To determine the role of BmTrx in response to oxidative stress and environmental challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Gene cloning and sequencing of Bombyx mori Trx (BmTrx).
  • Expression of recombinant BmTrx in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells.
  • Assessment of BmTrx biological activity using insulin reduction and thioredoxin peroxidase activation assays.
  • Analysis of BmTrx mRNA expression levels under various stress conditions (H2O2, paraquat, temperature extremes, microbial infection) via Northern blot.

Main Results:

  • The BmTrx cDNA encodes a 106-amino acid protein with a conserved active site (CGPC).
  • BmTrx transcripts are present in all examined silkworm tissues.
  • Recombinant BmTrx is biologically active and can activate thioredoxin peroxidase.
  • BmTrx mRNA expression is significantly upregulated in the fat body tissue in response to oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, and microbial infection.

Conclusions:

  • Bombyx mori thioredoxin (BmTrx) is a functional protein involved in cellular defense.
  • BmTrx plays a protective role against oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species, extreme temperatures, and microbial infections.
  • The findings suggest BmTrx is a key component of the silkworm's antioxidant defense system.