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Related Concept Videos

Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression
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Macrolides in cystic fibrosis.

John R McArdle1, Jaideep S Talwalkar

  • 1Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. john.mcardle@yale.edu

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Long-term azithromycin administration shows clinical benefits for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This review explores host and pathogen factors contributing to azithromycin

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) causes chronic lung disease due to viscous secretions and impaired mucociliary clearance.
  • Chronic infections and inflammation lead to bronchiectasis and progressive lung damage in CF patients.
  • Macrolide antibiotics are effective in diffuse panbronchiolitis, a condition similar to CF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical benefits of long-term azithromycin in cystic fibrosis patients.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms behind azithromycin's therapeutic effects in CF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on azithromycin in cystic fibrosis.
  • Analysis of host- and pathogen-related factors.

Main Results:

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  • Long-term azithromycin administration demonstrates clinical benefits in CF patients.
  • Evidence suggests positive therapeutic effects are linked to host and pathogen interactions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Azithromycin is a promising therapeutic option for managing cystic fibrosis lung disease.
    • Further research into host-pathogen dynamics can optimize macrolide therapy in CF.