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Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
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Published on: October 4, 2019

Shear modulation of intercellular contact area between two deformable cells colliding under flow.

Sameer Jadhav1, Kit Yan Chan, Konstantinos Konstantopoulos

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Shear rate significantly impacts cell interactions. This study reveals that optimal cell contact area for adhesion occurs at intermediate shear rates, suggesting a hydrodynamic mechanism for cell aggregation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell-cell interactions are crucial in biological processes.
  • Shear rate influences the kinetics and specificity of these interactions.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to comprehending phenomena like leukocyte aggregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate cell collision in linear shear flow.
  • To analyze the effect of shear rate on cell deformation and contact area.
  • To explore the hydrodynamic mechanisms governing cell adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling two identical deformable cells as elastic capsules.
  • Utilizing the immersed boundary method (IBM) for simulations.
  • Computing cell deformation and trajectories at shear rates of 100-400s⁻¹.

Main Results:

  • High shear rates induce significant local cell deformations.
  • Effective contact area between cells is modulated by shear rate, peaking at intermediate levels.
  • Contact region transitions from enclosed to annular with increasing shear, forming dimples.

Conclusions:

  • Non-monotonic increase in contact area suggests a maximum effective receptor-ligand binding area.
  • Hydrodynamic mechanisms may explain maximum leukocyte aggregation observed in shear flow.
  • Critical shear rate for maximum contact area depends on cell properties like radius and elasticity.