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Related Concept Videos

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)
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Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)

Published on: December 19, 2019

Photocarcinogenesis--molecular mechanisms.

Franjo Gruber1, Gordana Zamolo, Marija Kastelan

  • 1Department of Dermatovenerology, Rijeka University Hospital, Rijeka, Croatia.

Collegium Antropologicum
|May 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sunlight

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sunlight's carcinogenicity (photocarcinogenicity) has been known for over a century.
  • UV radiation damages DNA, causing mutations that lead to skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
  • Mutations often occur at dipyrimidine sites, specifically C-T or CC-TT tandem double mutations, predominantly in fair-skinned individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the p53 suppressor gene in photocarcinogenesis.
  • To propose a hypothesis regarding the involvement of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in cancer development.
  • To highlight the significance of UV-induced immunosuppression in the development of skin cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on UV radiation and DNA damage.

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Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
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  • Investigation of the p53 suppressor gene.
  • Formulation of a hypothesis on hTERT's role in cancerogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • UV radiation induces DNA damage and gene mutations, particularly C-T and CC-TT tandem double mutations at dipyrimidine sites.
    • Fair-skinned individuals are more susceptible to these UV-induced skin tumors.
    • UV-induced immunosuppression plays a crucial role in photocarcinogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding photocarcinogenesis mechanisms is vital for advancing skin tumor treatment.
    • Further research into p53 and hTERT could offer new therapeutic strategies.
    • Addressing UV-induced immunosuppression may be key in preventing and treating skin cancers.