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Posttraumatic intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning: a 20-year longitudinal study.

Zahava Solomon1, Mario Mikulincer

  • 1Adler Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. solomon@post.tau.ac.il

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
|May 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Combat stress reaction (CSR) in veterans is linked to long-term intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning issues. These symptoms declined over time but consistently predicted social dysfunction years after the Lebanon War.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Military Mental Health

Background:

  • Combat stress reaction (CSR) is a significant issue for veterans.
  • Understanding the long-term impact of CSR on mental health and social functioning is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess posttraumatic intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning in Israeli combat veterans.
  • To examine the long-term effects of CSR on these outcomes 1, 2, 3, and 20 years post-war.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 214 Israeli combat veterans from the first Lebanon War.
  • Comparison between veterans with and without combat stress reaction (CSR).
  • Assessment of intrusion, avoidance, and social functioning at multiple time points.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Veterans with CSR reported higher intrusion and avoidance symptoms than non-CSR veterans.
  • Intrusion and avoidance symptoms declined over time.
  • These symptoms were associated with and predicted social dysfunction longitudinally.

Conclusions:

  • CSR is a marker for future psychopathology in combat veterans.
  • Avoidance behaviors play a significant role in long-term social dysfunction.
  • Interventions targeting intrusion and avoidance may improve social functioning in veterans.