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The BIAS map: behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes.
Amy J C Cuddy1, Susan T Fiske, Peter Glick
1Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, USA. a-cuddy@kellogg.northwestern.edu
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 2, 2007
Summary
Stereotypes and emotions significantly influence how people behave toward social groups. This research supports the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) map framework, detailing these influences.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Intergroup Relations
Background:
- Stereotypes and emotions are key drivers of intergroup behavior.
- Existing frameworks offer partial explanations for these complex relationships.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how stereotypes (warmth, competence) and emotions shape behavioral tendencies toward different social groups.
- To provide empirical support for the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) map framework.
Main Methods:
- Conducted two correlational studies with a representative U.S. sample (N = 616).
- Performed two experiments (N = 350) to examine causal relationships.
- Analyzed the predictive power of stereotypes and emotions on behavioral tendencies.
Main Results:
- Warmth stereotypes predicted active behaviors (helping, harassing); competence stereotypes predicted passive behaviors (associating, neglecting).
- Emotions were stronger predictors of behavioral tendencies than stereotypes and often mediated stereotype-behavior links.
- Specific stereotype combinations (e.g., admired, envied, pitied, hated groups) elicited distinct patterns of active and passive harm/facilitation.
Conclusions:
- The Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) map framework is supported by convergent evidence.
- Both stereotypes and emotions play crucial roles in shaping intergroup behavior, with emotions having a more dominant influence.
- Understanding these dynamics is essential for addressing intergroup prejudice and promoting positive intergroup relations.
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