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Related Experiment Videos

Context effects on remembering and knowing: the expectancy heuristic.

David P McCabe1, David A Balota

  • 1Department of PsychologyColorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. david.mccabe@colostate.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Context influences memory recall. Memory research shows that distinctiveness in word frequency at study or test impacts remember-know judgments, supporting the expectancy heuristic model.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory Research
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Remember-know judgments differentiate subjective experiences of memory.
  • Contextual factors, such as item frequency, can influence memory retrieval processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how contextual word frequency affects remember-know judgments.
  • To test the proposed 'expectancy heuristic' decision-based mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments manipulated word frequency (high, medium, low) during study and test phases.
  • Participants made remember-know judgments on target words presented in varying contexts.

Main Results:

  • Remember responses increased for medium-frequency words when presented with high-frequency words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • This effect occurred whether the context manipulation was at study or at test.
  • Experiment 3 confirmed the expectancy heuristic influences the remember criterion, not recollection.

    • Conclusions:

    • The expectancy heuristic explains how context influences memory judgments by adjusting decision criteria.
    • Memory retrieval is sensitive to the relative distinctiveness of items within a given context.