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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

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Published on: April 24, 2020

Does the intraocular pressure effect on optic disc cupping differ by age?

Barbara E K Klein1, Ronald Klein, Kristine E Lee

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
|May 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Older adults, especially those 75 and older, face a higher risk of optic disc cupping, a condition linked to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This study highlights age as a significant factor in glaucoma progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Optic disc cupping is a key indicator of glaucoma.
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary risk factor for optic disc cupping.
  • The influence of aging on optic disc cupping requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if age independently influences optic disc cupping.
  • To assess the interplay between age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optic disc cupping.
  • To evaluate age-related changes in optic disc cupping over time.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study including 4,926 participants at baseline.
  • Standardized protocols for all measurements, including fundus photography.
  • Masked grading of stereoscopic optic disc images.

Main Results:

  • Cup-to-disc ratios (C/D) showed a direct correlation with baseline IOP.
  • Individuals aged 75 and older exhibited increased cupping at a given IOP.
  • Age remained a significant factor for increased cupping risk even after accounting for refraction in longitudinal analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age (≥75 years) is an independent risk factor for developing optic disc cupping.
  • Optic disc cupping is associated with higher intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • Age-related changes contribute to glaucoma progression, particularly in older individuals.