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Cytokine-release syndrome: overview and nursing implications
1Division of Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center, California, USA. sxb@stanford.edu
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing
|May 3, 2007
Summary
Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) is a common infusion reaction to monoclonal antibodies. While often mild, severe CRS can be life-threatening, requiring prompt recognition and management in oncology patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response.
- It is frequently observed during monoclonal antibody therapy.
- CRS results from cytokine release by targeted cells and immune effector cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of CRS etiology and management.
- To prepare oncology nurses for safe patient care.
- To highlight the risks associated with monoclonal antibody infusions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on CRS.
- Analysis of clinical manifestations and pathophysiology.
- Discussion of management strategies and precautions.
Main Results:
- CRS symptoms range from mild (fever, nausea) to severe (hypotension, dyspnea).
- Severe CRS occurs more frequently during initial infusions in chemotherapy-naive hematologic malignancy patients.
- Massive cytokine release constitutes an oncologic emergency.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of CRS is crucial for patient safety.
- Oncology nurses require specific knowledge to manage CRS complications.
- Preventive measures are essential to mitigate life-threatening events during monoclonal antibody therapy.
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