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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
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Simultaneous tuberculous meningoencephalitis in two siblings.

Sascha Meyer1, Mohammed Ghiath Shamdeen, Jörg Wüllenweber

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Paediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany. sascha.meyer@uniklinik-saarland.de

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|May 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM) in siblings highlights diagnostic delays and the need for early treatment. Prompt antituberculosis therapy and contact tracing are crucial for preventing severe outcomes and community spread.

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Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM) presents a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • The BCG vaccine offers protection against disseminated tuberculosis in children.

Observation:

  • Two siblings from Kosovo, residing in Germany, presented with simultaneous TBM, initially misdiagnosed as viral meningoencephalitis.
  • Diagnostic delays occurred despite clinical indicators like hyponatremia and hydrocephalus.
  • Tuberculosis transmission was traced to an untreated household contact, with inadequate contact investigation.

Findings:

  • One sibling died from drug-induced hepatic failure secondary to antituberculosis treatment.
  • The surviving sibling experienced severe neurological deficits.
  • This case underscores TBM as a critical differential diagnosis in pediatric meningitis.

Implications:

  • Early antituberculosis therapy is recommended for children with meningitis symptoms, particularly those from high-incidence regions.
  • Rigorous implementation of treatment and contact tracing is essential to curb TB dissemination.
  • BCG vaccination should be considered for high-risk children to reduce disseminated TB incidence.