Articular cartilage repair in athletes

Articular cartilage lesions in the athletic population commonly occur and result from the significant acute and chronic joint stress associated with high-impact sports. These lesions have poor intrinsic healing capacity, and the persistent defects in the joint surfaces cause pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms that result in functional impairment and limitation of athletic participation. If untreated, articular cartilage lesions can lead to chronic joint degeneration and disability. Several techniques for articular cartilage repair have been recently developed with promising results. However, the significant joint stresses generated in athletes require an effective and durable cartilage surface restoration that can withstand the high mechanical demands in this population over time.