Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments02:36

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative Real-World Outcomes of OnabotulinumtoxinA and CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Chronic Migraine.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Stereotactic radiosurgery for post-herpetic trigeminal neuralgia: results of a case-control study.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

Boron neutron capture therapy plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab alone in recurrent glioblastoma: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

White matter microdissection of the medial aspect of the brain: 2-dimensional video demonstration.

Acta neurochirurgica·2026
Same author

Stereotactic radiosurgery for residual rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor: a case report and literature review.

Acta neurochirurgica·2026
Same author

In-Room Direct Nidal Flow Measurement by Digital Subtraction Angiography to Estimate Hemorrhage Risk in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Pilot Study.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Distinct pi-bonding capability between phosphinidene and phosphonium ion: a computational study.

Hisn-Mei Cheng1, Chun-Fu Lin, San-Yan Chu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|May 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Protonated heavy pnictenes exhibit weak pi-bonding, unlike their neutral counterparts. This computational study reveals their carbene-like behavior, impacting chemical bonding theories.

More Related Videos

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Heavy dipnictenes (P, As, Sb, Bi) possess planar geometry and significant pi-bonding.
  • Protonation significantly alters the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of these compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pi-bonding character of protonated heavy pnictenes.
  • To compare their behavior to heavy carbenes and related main group analogues.
  • To elucidate the electronic factors governing their bonding through computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP/6-311++G** method.
  • Analysis of electronic structure and bonding using the Carter-Goddard-Malrieu-Trinquier (CGMT) model.
  • Comparison of singlet and triplet energy states (DeltaEST) for key fragments.

Main Results:

  • Protonated pnictenes, such as the phosphonium ion (H2P+), exhibit weak pi-bonding, behaving similarly to heavy carbenes.
  • Neutral phosphinidene (HP) displays strong pi-bonding and forms planar adducts with carbenes and silylenes.
  • Protonation of phosphinidene leads to a significant increase in the energy difference between triplet and singlet states (DeltaEST), correlating with reduced pi-bonding.
  • Other heavy pnictenes follow the trend observed for phosphinidene.

Conclusions:

  • Protonation transforms heavy pnictenes into species with carbene-like electronic properties, characterized by reduced pi-bonding.
  • The CGMT model effectively explains the observed changes in bonding upon protonation.
  • These findings challenge previous assumptions about pi-bonding in protonated pnictogen compounds.