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A paraneoplastic syndrome caused optic nerve swelling and vitritis in a patient with small-cell lung cancer. Treatment of the cancer resolved these neurological symptoms, highlighting the importance of identifying paraneoplastic syndromes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes can manifest with diverse neurological and ocular symptoms.
  • Small-cell lung carcinoma is a known cause of paraneoplastic neurological disorders.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old woman presented with bilateral optic nerve swelling, vitritis, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
  • Imaging revealed a left lung lesion consistent with small-cell lung carcinoma.
  • The patient tested positive for anti-CV2 (anti-CRMP-5) antibodies.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms resolved after chemoradiation therapy for the lung carcinoma.
  • This case illustrates a paraneoplastic syndrome affecting the optic nerves and vitreous.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying malignancy are crucial for managing paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • Anti-CV2 (anti-CRMP-5) antibodies are a potential biomarker for paraneoplastic neurological disorders associated with lung cancer.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of paraneoplastic syndromes aids in differential diagnosis and patient management.