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Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice

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PPARgamma in human and mouse physiology.

Sami Heikkinen¹, Johan Auwerx, Carmen A Argmann

¹Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|May 4, 2007

Summary

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) regulates energy storage and is implicated in metabolic syndrome. Targeted modulation of PPARgamma activity, rather than full activation, offers greater benefits.

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Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Metabolic research
Nuclear receptor superfamily

Background:

PPARgamma regulates gene expression, adipocyte differentiation, and energy storage.
It plays a key role in metabolic syndrome due to a mismatch with modern affluent societies.
PPARgamma is a target for insulin sensitizer drugs like thiazolidinediones.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in PPARgamma biology.
To discuss the mechanisms of action for PPARgamma activators.
To explore newly discovered roles of PPARgamma signaling.

Main Methods:

Review of human and mouse studies.
Analysis of mechanisms of insulin sensitizer drugs.
Discussion of physiological effects dependent on PPARgamma.

Main Results:

Full activation of PPARgamma is less advantageous than targeted modulation.
New roles for PPARgamma signaling identified in inflammation, bone morphogenesis, endothelial function, cancer, longevity, and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

Targeted modulation of PPARgamma activity is more beneficial than full activation.
PPARgamma signaling has diverse roles beyond metabolic regulation, impacting multiple physiological processes.