Risk management in gynaecology: principles and practice

The majority of gynaecology patients are fit women receiving relatively straightforward care. However, human error is inevitable. Furthermore, new treatments and technologies are constantly emerging, today's trainees are less experienced than their predecessors, and the need for team work is greater than ever. These and other factors pose threats to patient safety. Patient safety can be improved through risk management. This review describes risk management principles and tools applicable to gynaecology and highlights common sources of patient safety incidents in gynaecology clinics, wards and operating theatres. It provides an overview of communication, consent, staff training and supervision, and use of clinical practice guidance. Underlying theoretical principles are amply illustrated by practical examples.