Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026
04:43
Targeted Knockdown of Genes in the Choroid Plexus
Published on: June 16, 2023
B7-2 regulates survival, phenotype, and function of APCs
Deepak Yadav1, Nora Sarvetnick
1Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|May 4, 2007
Summary
B7-2 costimulation is crucial for maintaining antigen-presenting cell (APC) function and survival. Its absence impairs dendritic cell phagocytosis and survival, impacting immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- B7-2 costimulation is known to affect T cell priming.
- The precise role of B7-2 in antigen-presenting cell (APC) function remains incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of B7-2 deficiency on APC function and survival.
- To elucidate the role of B7-2 in the development of a mature APC repertoire.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of APC function and survival in B7-2 knockout (KO) mice.
- Assessment of phagocytic ability, cell death susceptibility, and cell numbers in dendritic cells (DCs).
- Phenotypic analysis of APCs and evaluation of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-epsilon) response.
Main Results:
- B7-2 KO mice showed reduced phagocytic ability in splenic and pancreatic lymph node DCs.
- DCs from B7-2 KO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to death, leading to reduced cell numbers.
- A decreased proportion of CD8alpha+CD205+ DCs and an increased proportion of B7-H1+ and B7-DC+ DCs were observed in B7-2 KO mice.
- B7-2 deficiency diminished the PKC-epsilon response in APCs upon CD28-Ig stimulation.
Conclusions:
- B7-2 plays a critical role in promoting the generation of a mature APC repertoire.
- B7-2 is essential for maintaining APC function and survival, influencing immune cell homeostasis.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
01:22Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy
Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
01:24Caspases
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...