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Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
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Immediate changes in feedforward postural adjustments following voluntary motor training.

Henry Tsao1, Paul W Hodges

  • 1NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.

Experimental Brain Research
|May 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Targeted training of the deep abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis (TrA), can improve feedforward postural adjustments in individuals with low back pain (LBP). The effectiveness depends on the specific training method and its quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Musculoskeletal conditions
  • Motor control

Background:

  • Preprogrammed feedforward adjustments are crucial for postural stability but are often impaired in individuals with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Recurrent low back pain (LBP) is associated with delayed feedforward activation of the transversus abdominis (TrA), a deep abdominal muscle vital for trunk stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether voluntary muscle activation training can alter feedforward mechanisms in individuals with recurrent LBP.
  • To determine if the type and quality of training influence changes in feedforward activation patterns of the TrA.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two volunteers with recurrent LBP were randomly assigned to two training groups: isolated TrA activation or non-isolated sit-up training.
  • Subjects performed a trunk perturbation task involving arm movements before and after a single training session.
  • Surface and fine-wire electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity in trunk and arm muscles.

Main Results:

  • Isolated TrA activation training led to earlier TrA EMG onset during rapid arm movements, normalizing responses in LBP individuals.
  • The degree of improvement in TrA activation timing correlated with the quality of isolated training.
  • Sit-up training resulted in earlier recruitment of other abdominal muscles but further delayed TrA activation during arm extension.

Conclusions:

  • Training focused on isolated voluntary activation of the TrA can effectively modify feedforward postural strategies in individuals with LBP.
  • The efficacy of motor training in altering postural control mechanisms is dependent on the specificity and quality of the training intervention.