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A new time-scale for ray-finned fish evolution.

Imogen A Hurley1, Rachel Lockridge Mueller, Katherine A Dunn

  • 1Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|May 4, 2007
PubMed
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Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) evolved earlier than previously thought, with key groups originating in the Paleozoic era. Molecular and fossil data reveal discrepancies, suggesting missing fossil evidence impacts evolutionary timelines.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Paleontology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) represent the most diverse vertebrate group.
  • The evolutionary timing of early Actinopterygii diversification remains contentious, with molecular data suggesting older origins than fossil records.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile discrepancies between molecular and fossil-based divergence dates in Actinopterygii.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and timing of major Actinopterygian clades using integrated data.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis incorporating morphological, nuclear, and mitochondrial genetic data.
  • Re-evaluation of existing fossil evidence and presentation of new paleontological data.
  • Analysis of nuclear data to determine the specificity of the Actinopterygian whole-genome duplication event.

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Main Results:

  • Fossil-based age estimates for Neopterygii (including teleosts, gars, and bowfins) are underestimated by at least 40 million years.
  • New paleontological evidence suggests the Neopterygii crown radiation occurred during the Paleozoic era.
  • Conflicts between molecular and morphological data are partly attributed to incomplete fossil records; teleost crown age estimates are older based on molecular data but lack fossil support.

Conclusions:

  • The early evolution and diversification of ray-finned fishes, particularly Neopterygii, occurred earlier than previously estimated, with origins in the Paleozoic.
  • Incomplete fossil data significantly contributes to the divergence time discrepancies observed between molecular and morphological analyses.
  • The Actinopterygian whole-genome duplication is teleost-specific, though its direct correlation with the broader phylogenetic patterns is not yet clear.