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Catalytic stepwise nitrate hydrogenation in batch-recycle fixed-bed reactors.

Albin Pintar1, Jurka Batista

  • 1Laboratory for Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, PO Box 660, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. albin.pintar@ki.si

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|May 5, 2007
PubMed
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This study developed palladium-copper bimetallic and palladium monometallic catalysts for aqueous nitrate and nitrite hydrogenation. The catalysts showed good chemical resistance, though ammonium ion formation was observed.

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nitrate and nitrite contamination in water pose significant environmental and health risks.
  • Catalytic hydrogenation is a promising method for water denitrification.
  • Understanding catalyst behavior under varying pH conditions is crucial for effective water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate palladium-copper bimetallic and palladium monometallic catalysts for the sequential hydrogenation of nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to nitrogen.
  • To investigate the formation of ammonium ions as a byproduct during nitrite hydrogenation.
  • To assess the chemical stability of the catalysts in aqueous solutions across a range of pH values.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Pd-Cu bimetallic and Pd monometallic catalysts on alumina spheres using incipient-wetness impregnation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Testing catalysts in a batch-recycle, fixed-bed reactor system for liquid-phase hydrogenation of aqueous nitrate solutions.
  • Analysis of reaction products, including nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ions, under controlled temperature and pressure conditions.
  • Investigation of catalyst performance at different pH levels and in the presence of NaCl.

    • Main Results:

    • Pd-Cu bimetallic catalyst achieved 93% selectivity for nitrate to nitrite conversion at pH 12.5.
    • Pd monometallic catalyst hydrogenated nitrite to nitrogen at pH 3.7-4.5.
    • Up to 15% of nitrite was converted to ammonium ions, increasing to 23% with 5.0 g/l NaCl.
    • Enhanced ammonium ion formation in the fixed-bed reactor was attributed to pH gradients within catalyst pores.
    • Both catalysts demonstrated excellent chemical resistance across the tested pH range.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed Pd-Cu and Pd catalysts are effective for sequential nitrate and nitrite hydrogenation.
    • Ammonium ion byproduct formation during nitrite hydrogenation is influenced by catalyst particle pore structure and pH gradients.
    • The catalysts exhibit robust chemical stability, making them suitable for water treatment applications.
    • Further optimization is needed to minimize ammonium ion formation for complete water denitrification.