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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quantum coherent tunable coupling of superconducting qubits.

A O Niskanen1, K Harrabi, F Yoshihara

  • 1CREST, Japan Science and Technology Institute, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate tunable coupling for superconducting flux qubits, enabling controlled interactions essential for quantum computing. This method allows for precise manipulation of qubits while maintaining quantum coherence.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Large-scale quantum information processing requires precise control over individual qubits.
  • Maintaining quantum coherence during qubit interactions is crucial.
  • Superconducting circuits offer flexibility for quantum hardware development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on time-domain tunable coupling of superconducting flux qubits.
  • To enable controlled interactions between individual qubits for quantum information processing.
  • To demonstrate a method for inducing otherwise forbidden two-qubit transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing optimally biased superconducting flux qubits.
  • Modulating the nonlinear inductance of a coupling element.
  • Parametrically inducing two-qubit transitions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved time-domain tunable coupling.
  • Observed an on/off coupling ratio of 19.
  • Successfully demonstrated a simple quantum protocol.

Conclusions:

  • Time-domain tunable coupling is feasible with superconducting flux qubits.
  • This technique enhances control over qubit interactions.
  • The demonstrated method is a step towards scalable quantum information processing.