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Working memory functioning in developmental dyslexia.

James H Smith-Spark1, John E Fisk

  • 1Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, UK. smithspj@lsbu.ac.uk

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Working memory deficits in dyslexia impact both verbal and visuospatial tasks, affecting adults and indicating central executive dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory impairments are common in dyslexia, primarily studied in the phonological domain.
  • Limited research has explored working memory beyond phonology in individuals with dyslexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate verbal and visuospatial working memory in adults with dyslexia.
  • To compare performance on simple span, complex span, and dynamic memory updating tasks.
  • To identify potential central executive dysfunction in dyslexia.

Main Methods:

  • 22 adult students with dyslexia and 22 controls completed verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks.
  • Tasks included simple span, complex span (storage and processing), and dynamic memory updating.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Performance was analyzed across different working memory domains and task complexities.

    • Main Results:

    • Adults with dyslexia showed significantly lower spans on all verbal tasks (simple and complex) and spatial complex span tasks.
    • Impairments persisted on complex span tasks even after controlling for simple span, suggesting central executive involvement.
    • Novelty in spatial updating tasks posed greater challenges for the dyslexic group.

    Conclusions:

    • Working memory deficits in dyslexia are present in adulthood and affect both phonological and visuospatial modalities.
    • Findings suggest central executive dysfunction, beyond storage issues, in dyslexia.
    • A potential supervisory attentional system deficit in dyslexia is also considered.