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Relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension
1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Diabetes Care
|November 1, 1991
Summary
Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin resistance and high triglycerides. These metabolic issues are linked to hypertension
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Hypertension is frequently associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.
- These metabolic abnormalities are present before treatment and may persist despite blood pressure control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between insulin and lipid metabolism abnormalities and high blood pressure.
- To explore the role of these metabolic derangements in the etiology and clinical course of hypertension.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of metabolic profiles in hypertensive patients versus normotensive controls.
- Induction of hypertension-related metabolic abnormalities in fructose-fed rats.
- Assessment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their adipocytes.
- Evaluation of exercise training and somatostatin infusion effects in rodent models.
Main Results:
- Hypertensive patients exhibit impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and elevated triglycerides.
- Fructose-fed rats develop insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, which can be modulated by exercise or somatostatin.
- SHRs show lower insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, higher triglycerides, and elevated blood pressure compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats.
- In vitro studies confirm insulin resistance in SHR adipocytes correlates with plasma insulin and blood pressure.
Conclusions:
- Abnormalities in insulin and lipid metabolism are strongly linked to high blood pressure in both humans and animal models.
- These metabolic derangements may contribute to the etiology of hypertension and influence its clinical outcomes.
- Current antihypertensive strategies may be less effective in reducing coronary heart disease risk if they do not address these underlying metabolic issues.