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Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

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WITHDRAWN: A new Basic Research Section in Fertility and Sterility.

¹Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.

Fertility and Sterility

|May 8, 2007

Summary

Fertility and Sterility launched a new section to bridge basic science and reproductive medicine. This initiative aims to accelerate translational research, improving patient care through enhanced collaboration and idea exchange.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Basic Science in Reproduction

Background:

Improving patient care in reproductive medicine requires integrating basic science advancements.
Translational research is crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory findings and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new section in Fertility and Sterility dedicated to basic science in reproduction.
To highlight advances in basic science relevant to reproductive medicine.
To stimulate translational research and foster collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians.

Main Methods:

The journal "Fertility and Sterility" has established a new editorial section.
This section will publish timely articles focusing on basic science relevant to reproduction.

Main Results:

A new section focused on basic science in reproduction has been launched.
The section aims to highlight scientific advances and their clinical relevance.

Conclusions:

The new section is expected to stimulate translational research.
It will encourage a vital exchange of ideas between basic scientists and reproductive medicine practitioners.