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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Ketamine-associated ulcerative cystitis: a new clinical entity.

Rohan Shahani¹, Cathy Streutker, Brendan Dickson

¹Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

|May 8, 2007

Summary

Recreational ketamine use can cause severe ulcerative cystitis, a new clinical entity characterized by bladder inflammation and pain. Early cessation of ketamine and specific treatments may offer symptomatic relief for this condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Urology
Toxicology
Pharmacology

Background:

Ketamine hydrochloride is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist used medically as an anesthetic.
Recreational ketamine use is increasing, with users anecdotally reporting lower urinary tract symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel clinical entity of severe ulcerative cystitis in daily recreational ketamine users.
To investigate the relationship between chronic ketamine use and lower urinary tract symptoms.

Main Methods:

A case series of 9 daily ketamine users presenting with severe urinary symptoms.
Diagnostic investigations included urine analysis, computed tomography, cystoscopy, and bladder biopsies.

Main Results:

All patients exhibited sterile urine cultures but showed signs of severe bladder inflammation on imaging and cystoscopy.
Histopathology revealed ulcerative cystitis with epithelial denudation and inflammation.
Symptomatic relief was observed after ketamine cessation and treatment with pentosan polysulfate.

Conclusions:

Severe ulcerative cystitis is a new clinical entity linked to chronic recreational ketamine use.
The increasing availability of illicit ketamine may lead to a rise in urologists encountering this condition and its long-term bladder sequelae.