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Oxygen, hypoxia, and stress.

Cormac T Taylor1, Jacques Pouyssegur

  • 1UCD Conway Institute, University Colleg Dublin, Belfield, D4, Ireland. Cormac.taylor@ucd.ie

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 8, 2007
PubMed
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Oxygen is vital for human evolution and cellular energy production. This review explores oxygen

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Oxygen's introduction via cyanobacteria 2.5 billion years ago profoundly impacted Earth's atmosphere and life.
  • Eukaryotic cells harness molecular oxygen through mitochondria for efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
  • Oxygen's dual nature presents both essential metabolic roles and toxic challenges due to its reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of oxygen in cellular metabolism.
  • To emphasize the consequences of altered oxygen supply on biological systems.
  • To identify endogenous protective mechanisms against oxygen-related stress as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on oxygen's metabolic functions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cellular and tissue responses to oxygen deprivation and excess.
  • Exploration of endogenous protective pathways against oxidative stress.

    • Main Results:

    • Oxygen is indispensable for efficient energy metabolism (ATP synthesis) in eukaryotes.
    • Dysregulation of oxygen homeostasis leads to cellular damage and disease.
    • Cells possess evolved mechanisms to mitigate oxygen-related stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Maintaining oxygen balance is critical for cellular and organismal health.
    • Understanding oxygen's role in metabolism and stress responses is key for therapeutic development.
    • Endogenous protective mechanisms offer promising avenues for treating diseases associated with oxygen imbalance.