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Related Experiment Videos

Isomeric amphetamines--a problem for urinalysis?

F P Smith1, D A Kidwell

  • 1Department of Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.

Forensic Science International
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Detecting alkyl amphetamine isomers in urine can be challenging. Derivatization with PFP or HFB anhydrides improves GC/MS separation and spectral identification for these amphetamine compounds.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Alkyl amphetamines are a class of compounds with potential for abuse.
  • Accurate detection of amphetamine isomers in biological samples is crucial for forensic and clinical toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the detectability of various alkyl amphetamine isomers in urine using immunoassay and GC/MS.
  • To identify optimal derivatization methods for improved GC/MS analysis of amphetamine isomers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and procurement of alkyl amphetamine isomers.
  • Analysis using commercial amphetamine and methamphetamine immunoassays.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of underivatized and derivatized samples.

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Main Results:

  • Immunoassays showed cross-reactivity with several PBA and N-alkylated amphetamine isomers.
  • Underivatized isomers (N,N-dimethylamphetamine, N-ethylamphetamine, N-methyl-PBA) exhibited chromatographic co-elution and similar GC/MS spectra.
  • Pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) anhydride and heptafluorobutyryl (HFB) anhydride derivatization enabled adequate separation and distinct GC/MS spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Standard immunoassay screening may produce false positives for certain amphetamine isomers.
  • GC/MS analysis requires derivatization for reliable differentiation of closely related alkyl amphetamine isomers.
  • PFP and HFB derivatization are effective strategies for enhancing GC/MS identification of amphetamine isomers in urine.