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Updated: Jul 15, 2026
Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Normal values of right ventricular size and function by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with
Aasha S Gopal1, Ebere O Chukwu, Chizor J Iwuchukwu
1St Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York 11576, USA. Aasha.Gopal@chsli.org
Background:
Assessment of right ventricular function by 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DECHO) is difficult because of its complex shape. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DECHO) may be superior.
Methods:
End-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction obtained by 2DECHO, RT3DECHO short-axis disk summation (DS), and RT3DECHO apical rotation were compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 71 healthy individuals.
Results:
RT3DECHO DS showed less volume underestimation compared with 2DECHO and RT3DECHO apical rotation. Test-retest variability for RT3DECHO DS end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were 3.3%, 8.7%, 10%, and 10.3%, respectively. Normal reference ranges of indexed volumes (mean +/- 2SD) for right ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were 38.6 to 92.2 mL/m(2), 7.8 to 50.6 mL/m(2), 22.5 to 42.9 mL/m(2), and 38.0% to 65.3%, respectively, for women and 47.0 to 100 mL/m(2), 23.0 to 52.6 mL/m(2), 14.2 to 48.4 mL/m(2), and 29.9% to 58.4%, respectively, for men.
Conclusions:
RT3DECHO DS is superior to RT3DECHO apical rotation and 2DECHO for right ventricular quantification, and performs acceptably when compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in healthy individuals.
