Z-DNA, an active element in the genome

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Z-DNA is a left-handed, zigzag helical DNA conformation distinct from the canonical B-DNA form.
• Alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences can adopt Z-DNA under physiological conditions, especially in active gene regions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the properties of Z-DNA.
• To discuss Z-DNA-binding proteins.
• To explore the potential biological functions and therapeutic implications of Z-DNA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental and clinical evidence.
• Analysis of Z-DNA properties and binding proteins.
• Discussion of Z-DNA's role in biological processes.

Main Results:

• Z-DNA is implicated in gene expression regulation.
• Z-DNA may contribute to DNA processing, recombination, deletion, and translocation.
• Evidence suggests Z-DNA's involvement in human diseases.

Conclusions:

• Z-DNA is a significant non-canonical DNA structure with diverse biological roles.
• Z-DNA-binding proteins are crucial for its functions.
• Z-DNA represents a potential therapeutic target for various human diseases.