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Specific respiratory patterns distinguish among human basic emotions.

S Bloch1, M Lemeignan, N Aguilera

  • 1Département de Neurochimie-Anatomie, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|August 1, 1991
PubMed
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This study quantifies respiratory changes linked to six basic emotions, finding distinct breathing patterns for anger, love, tenderness, sadness, joy, and fear. These findings support using physical actions to experimentally generate emotional states.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Physiology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Prototypical respiratory-facial-postural actions, termed 'emotional effector patterns,' were previously identified for six basic emotions.
  • Reproducing these actions can evoke corresponding subjective emotional experiences, suggesting their utility as a model for controlled emotional state generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze respiratory parameters characterizing specific emotions: joy-laughter, sadness-crying, fear-anxiety, anger, erotic love, and tenderness.
  • To investigate the relationship between physical expression of emotions and their underlying physiological (respiratory) signatures.

Main Methods:

  • Respiratory movements and facial/postural expressions were recorded from 36 young actors trained to express six basic emotions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Qualitative analysis observed the evolution of emotional expression from 'robot-like' to more natural stages.
  • Quantitative analysis focused on respiratory cycle parameters (amplitude, rate, duration, inspiratory/expiratory ratios) and saccadic movements.

    • Main Results:

    • Anger, erotic love, and tenderness were differentiated by significant changes in the 'expiratory pause' (amplitude, rate, duration).
    • Sadness, joy, and fear were distinguished by inspiratory over expiratory time ratios.
    • These three emotions also exhibited small amplitude/high rate saccadic respiratory movements.

    Conclusions:

    • Quantitatively distinct respiratory changes characterize each of the six basic emotions studied.
    • The 'bottom-up' experimental model, activating respiratory-facial-postural systems, effectively generates controlled emotional states.
    • The findings highlight the interconnectedness of physiological responses, physical expression, and subjective emotional experience.