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Noninvasive ventilation in children: a review.
Lik Eng Loh1, Yoke Hwee Chan, Irene Chan
1Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Loh.Lik.Eng@kkh.com.sg
Jornal De Pediatria
|May 9, 2007
Summary
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used for pediatric respiratory failure, but lacks established guidelines. Ensuring patient compliance and monitoring response are key for successful acute and chronic NIV application in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is gaining recognition in pediatric care.
- Limited data exists on its application in children, with most studies being case reports or small series.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the current use and application of NIV in pediatric patients experiencing acute and chronic respiratory failure.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid MEDLINE databases.
- The search covered articles published from 1950 to 2007, using keywords such as 'pediatrics,' 'noninvasive ventilation,' and 'positive airway pressure.'
Main Results:
- Published data on pediatric NIV is scarce, primarily consisting of case reports and small case series.
- A few small randomized studies have been reported, indicating a growing but limited evidence base.
Conclusions:
- No universally accepted guidelines exist for pediatric NIV use.
- In chronic settings, NIV is effective for obstructive sleep apnea and neuromuscular respiratory failure, with compliance being a major challenge.
- Acute NIV success depends on rapid response, necessitating close monitoring and timely review if therapy is ineffective.
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